Two common sub categories of reciprocating piston engines are the two-stroke and the four-stroke engine. They can be fueled with liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel or gaseous fuels such as natural gas and LPG. They are also used in many small utility applications. They power cars, trucks, trains and most marine vessels. Reciprocating piston engines are perhaps the most common form of internal combustion engine known. In internal combustion (IC) engines, the working fluid consists of air, a fuel-air mixture or the products of combustion of the fuel-air mixture itself. In a rotary engine, the working fluid spins a rotor that is connected to the output shaft.The linear motion is then commonly converted to rotary motion through a crank-slider (connecting rod/crankshaft) mechanism. In reciprocating engines, the working fluid is used to move a piston in a linear fashion.External combustion engines, where energy is delivered (such as via a heat exchanger) to a working fluid that is separate from the combustion products or reactants.Įngines can also be classified as either reciprocating or rotary:.Internal combustion engines, where the combustion products or reactants (air and fuel) serve as the working fluid of the engine, or.This heat is used to raise the temperature and pressure of a working fluid that is then used to perform useful work. Heat engines are energy conversion machines-they convert chemical energy in a fuel into work by combusting the fuel in air to produce heat. Basic design and performance parameters in internal combustion engines include compression ratio, swept volume, clearance volume, power output, indicated power, thermal efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure, brake mean effective pressure, specific fuel consumption, and more. ![]() The combustion process can be theoretically modeled by applying laws of mass and energy conservation to the processes in the engine cylinder. ![]() A number of other engine classifications are possible, based on engine mobility, application, fuel, configuration, and other design parameters. In each case, the engine may be equipped with either a spark-ignited (SI) or a compression-ignited (CI) combustion system. ![]() Reciprocating internal combustion engines-a subclass of heat engines-can be operated in the four- and two-stroke cycles.
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